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In the present study, alkaline hydrothermally treated titania nanoparticles (TiO 2 -HT) are prepared and followed by calcination at different low temperatures to improve TiO 2  activity under visible light. The prepared photocatalysts (PCs) are characterized by different tools. TiO 2 -HT is scrutinized for decontamination of para-nitrophenol (PNP) and hexavalent chromium ions (Cr 6+  ions) under simulated sunlight. TiO 2 -HT-300 and TiO 2 -HT-400 PCs have nanosized particle with large surface area of 148 and 116.26 m 2 /g, respectively. Additionally, XRD and FTIR proved formation of nanocrystalline anatase TiO 2 . The different calcined TiO 2 -HT materials show lower adsorption capacity for PNP and Cr 6+  ions. TiO 2 -HT-300 and HT-TiO 2 -400 PCs have higher reduction rate of PNP than that of uncalcined temperature titania (HT-TiO 2 -U) powder. Complete conversion of PNP is achieved at natural pH after 180 min over TiO 2 -HT-300. As well, TiO 2 -HT-300 exhibits a superior photocatalytic removal of Cr 6+  ions. The enhanced photocatalytic efficacy is ascribed to the synergism between higher surface area and particle size (quantum effect) of TiO 2 -HT-300. As results, HO· radicals are the main key active species for the photocatalytic degradation of PNP over TiO 2 - HT-300 PC but contribution of O 2  –  and h +  holes is minor. The used method for preparation of TiO 2 -HT-300 reduces the cost preparation as well as environmental impact reduction. Finally, low temperature-calcined TiO 2  is promising visible light active and an efficient photocatalyst with lower environmental impact for detoxification of PNP and Cr 6+  ions from water.

Low temperature-calcined TiO2 for visible light assisted decontamination of 4-nitrophenol and hexavalent chromium from wastewater