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Parthenocarpy is the development of an ovary into a seedless fruit without pollination. The ubiquitous downregulation of  SlIAA9  induces not only parthenocarpic fruit formation but also an abnormal vegetative phenotype. To make parthenocarpic transgenic tomato plants without unwanted phenotypes, we found two genes, namely,  Solyc03g007780  and  Solyc02g067760 , expressed in ovary tissue but not in vegetative tissues.  Solyc03g007780  was expressed in developing ovaries and anthers.  Solyc02g067760  mRNA was detected in whole-flower tissues. The promoters of  Solyc03g007780  (Psol80) and  Solyc02g067760  (Psol60) predominantly induced the expression of genes in the ovule, placenta, endocarp and pollen and in whole-flower tissues, respectively.  Psol80/60-SlIAA9i  lines, created for  SlIAA9- RNA interference controlled by two promoters, successfully formed parthenocarpic fruits without pleiotropic effects in vegetative tissues. Downregulation of  SlIAA9 , responsible for parthenocarpic fruit formation, was observed in ovules rather than ovaries in the  Psol80/60-SlIAA9i  lines. Although the weight of parthenocarpic fruits of the  Psol80/60-SlIAA9i  lines was lower than the weight of pollinated fruits of the wild type (WT), the parthenocarpic fruits presented redder and more saturated colors and higher levels of total soluble solids and titratable acidity than the WT fruits.

Genetic engineering of parthenocarpic tomato plants using transient SlIAA9 knockdown by novel tissue-specific promoters