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In mitochondria, a complex protein machinery is devoted to the maturation of iron-sulfur cluster proteins. Structural information on the last steps of the machinery, which involve ISCA1, ISCA2 and IBA57 proteins, needs to be acquired in order to define how these proteins cooperate each other. We report here the use of an integrative approach, utilizing information from small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) and bioinformatics-driven docking prediction, to determine a low-resolution structural model of the human mitochondrial [2Fe-2S] 2+  ISCA2-IBA57 complex. In the applied experimental conditions, all the data converge to a structural organization of dimer of dimers for the [2Fe-2S] 2+  ISCA2-IBA57 complex with ISCA2 providing the homodimerization core interface. The [2Fe-2S] cluster is out of the ISCA2 core while being shared with IBA57 in the dimer. The specific interaction pattern identified from the dimeric [2Fe-2S] 2+  ISCA2-IBA57 structural model allowed us to define the molecular grounds of the pathogenic Arg146Trp mutation of IBA57. This finding suggests that the dimeric [2Fe-2S] ISCA2-IBA57 hetero-complex is a physiologically relevant species playing a role in mitochondrial [4Fe-4S] protein biogenesis.

Structural properties of [2Fe-2S] ISCA2-IBA57: a complex of the mitochondrial iron-sulfur cluster assembly machinery