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A marine isolate,  Nesiotobacter exalbescens  COD22, isolated from deep sea sediment (2100 m depth) was capable of degrading aromatic hydrocarbons. The  Nesiotobacter  sp. grew well in the presence of toluene at 0.1 MPa and 10 MPa at a rate of 0.24 h −1  and 0.12 h −1 , respectively, in custom designed high pressure reactors. Percentage of hydrocarbon degradation was found to be 87.5% at ambient pressure and it reached 92% under high pressure condition within a short retention period of 72 h. The biodegradation of hydrocarbon was confirmed by the accumulation of dicarboxylic acid, benzoic acid, benzyl alcohol and benzaldehyde which are key intermediates in toluene catabolism. The complete genome sequence consists of 4,285,402 bp with 53% GC content and contained 3969 total coding genes. The complete genome analysis revealed unique adaptation and degradation capabilities for complex aromatic compounds, biosurfactant synthesis to facilitate hydrocarbon emulsification, advanced mechanisms for chemotaxis and presence of well developed flagellar assembly. The genomic data corroborated with the results of hydrocarbon biodegradation at high pressure growth conditions and confirmed the biotechnological potential of  Nesiotobacter  sp. towards bioremediation of hydrocarbon polluted deep sea environments.

Genome analysis of deep sea piezotolerant Nesiotobacter exalbescens COD22 and toluene degradation studies under high pressure condition