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We analyze large scale (N~10000) time use surveys in United States, Spain,Italy, France and Great Britain to ascertain seasonal variations in thesleep/wake cycle and the labor cycle after daylight saving time -- summer timearrangements -- regulations have stood up for at least forty years. That is,not the usual search for short-term effects of the biannual transitions of DSTbut a search for how industrialized societies have responded to DSTregulations. Results show that the labor cycle is equally distributed throughseasons, an everyday experience which is a major outcome of DST. The sleep/wakecycle displays disturbance punctuated by solar events: sunrise, sunset andnoon. Sleep onset in non-employees in a week-end -- the group more prone tofree choices -- delays in summer opposing to the regulation. Yet, sleep offsetin this group advances in summer, despite clock time already advanced in thespring transition. The best explanation for these findings is that size anddirectionality of DST regulations are close to an optimum. The role of latitudeis discussed after sleep/wake cycle in Spain, Italy and United States exhibitfewer statistically significant excursions that the sleep/wake cycle in GreatBritain and France, which could be indicating preference for timesynchronization as latitude increases. The consequences of a seasonalregulation of clocks vs the choice of permanent summer time or permanent wintertime is sketched from a previous report on human activity.

The long term impact of Daylight Saving Time regulations in daily life at several circles of latitude