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Plant growth-promoting bacteria (PGPB) are known to increase plant tolerance to several abiotic stresses, specifically those from dry and salty environments. In this study, we examined the endophyte bacterial community of five plant species growing in the Thar desert of Pakistan. Among a total of 368 culturable isolates, 58  Bacillus  strains were identified from which the 16 most divergent strains were characterized for salt and heat stress resilience as well as antimicrobial and plant growth-promoting (PGP) activities. When the 16  Bacillus  strains were tested on the non-host plant  Arabidopsis thaliana ,  B. cereus  PK6-15,  B. subtilis  PK5-26 and  B. circulans  PK3-109 significantly enhanced plant growth under salt stress conditions, doubling fresh weight levels when compared to uninoculated plants.  B. circulans  PK3-15 and PK3-109 did not promote plant growth under normal conditions, but increased plant fresh weight by more than 50% when compared to uninoculated plants under salt stress conditions, suggesting that these salt tolerant  Bacillus  strains exhibit PGP traits only in the presence of salt. Our data indicate that the collection of 58 plant endophytic  Bacillus  strains represents an important genomic resource to decipher plant growth promotion at the molecular level.

Bioprospecting desert plant Bacillus endophytic strains for their potential to enhance plant stress tolerance