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Vanillate and syringate are major intermediate metabolites generated during the microbial degradation of lignin. In  Sphingobium  sp. SYK-6, vanillate is O demethylated to protocatechuate by LigM; protocatechuate is then catabolized via the protocatechuate 4,5-cleavage pathway. Syringate is O demethylated to gallate by consecutive reactions catalyzed by DesA and LigM, and then gallate is subjected to ring cleavage by DesB. Here, we investigated the transcriptional regulation of  desA ,  ligM , and  desB  involved in vanillate and syringate catabolism. Quantitative reverse transcription-PCR analyses indicated that the transcription of these genes was induced 5.8–37-fold in the presence of vanillate and syringate. A MarR-type transcriptional regulator, SLG_12870 ( desR ), was identified as the gene whose product bound to the  desB  promoter region. Analysis of a  desR  mutant indicated that the transcription of  desB ,  ligM , and  desR  is negatively regulated by DesR. Purified DesR bound to the upstream regions of  desB ,  ligM , and  desR , and the inverted repeat sequences similar to each other in these regions were suggested to be essential for DNA binding of DesR. Vanillate and syringate inhibited DNA binding of DesR, indicating that these compounds are effector molecules of DesR. The transcription of  desA  was found to be regulated by an as-yet unidentified regulator.

Regulation of vanillate and syringate catabolism by a MarR-type transcriptional regulator DesR in Sphingobium sp. SYK-6