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We demonstrate a novel concept for operating graphene-based Hall sensorsusing an alternating current (AC) modulated gate voltage, which provides threeimportant advantages compared to Hall sensors under static operation: 1) Thesensor sensitivity can be doubled by utilizing both n- and p-type conductance.2) A static magnetic field can be read out at frequencies in the kHz range,where the 1/f noise is lower compared to the static case. 3) The off-setvoltage in the Hall signal can be reduced. This significantly increases thesignal-to-noise ratio compared to Hall sensors without a gate electrode. Aminimal detectable magnetic field Bmin down to 290 nT/sqrt(Hz) and sensitivityup to 0.55 V/VT was found for Hall sensors fabricated on flexible foil. Thisclearly outperforms state-of-the-art flexible Hall sensors and is comparable tothe values obtained by the best rigid III/V semiconductor Hall sensors.

Gate-tunable graphene-based Hall sensors on flexible substrates with increased sensitivity