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Zn 2+  is a divalent cation that is essential for many biological activities, as it influences many ion channels and enzymatic activities. Zn 2+  can evoke G-protein-coupled receptor signaling via activation of the metabotropic zinc receptor ZnR/GPR39. In spite of evidence suggesting the presence of ZnR/GPR39 in salivary gland cells, there has been no evidence of ZnR/GPR39-mediated modulation of salivary gland function. Here we characterized the role of ZnR/GPR39 in human submandibular gland cells. A 0.25% ZnCl 2  solution evoked secretion of unstimulated and stimulated whole saliva in humans. We found that ZnR/GPR39 is expressed in human submandibular glands and HSG cells. Zn 2+  increased cytosolic Ca 2+  concentration ([Ca 2+ ] i ) in a concentration-dependent manner. Muscarinic antagonist had no effect on Zn 2+ -induced [Ca 2+ ] i  increase, which was completely blocked by the phospholipase C-β inhibitor. As with muscarinic agonist, Zn 2+  also induced the translocation of aquaporin-5 (AQP-5) to the plasma membrane, which was drastically decreased in ZnR/GPR39-knockdown cells. These data suggest that the metabotropic Zn 2+  receptor ZnR/GPR39 can modulate salivary secretion in human submandibular gland cells independent of muscarinic or histamine receptor signaling.

Zn2+ stimulates salivary secretions via metabotropic zinc receptor ZnR/GPR39 in human salivary gland cells