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Plant micro RNAs (miRNAs) control growth, development and stress tolerance but are comparatively unexplored in banana, whose cultivation is threatened by abiotic stress and nutrient deficiencies. In this study, a native  Musa -miR397 precursor harboring 11 copper-responsive GTAC motifs in its promoter element was identified from banana genome.  Musa -miR397 was significantly upregulated (8–10) fold in banana roots and leaves under copper deficiency, correlating with expression of root copper deficiency marker genes such as  Musa- COPT and  Musa- FRO2. Correspondingly, target laccases were significantly downregulated (>−2 fold), indicating miRNA-mediated silencing for Cu salvaging. No significant expression changes in the miR397-laccase module were observed under iron stress.  Musa- miR397 was also significantly upregulated (>2 fold) under ABA, MV and heat treatments but downregulated under NaCl stress, indicating universal stress-responsiveness. Further,  Musa- miR397 overexpression in banana significantly increased plant growth by 2–3 fold compared with wild-type but did not compromise tolerance towards Cu deficiency and NaCl stress. RNA-seq of transgenic and wild type plants revealed modulation in expression of 71 genes related to diverse aspects of growth and development, collectively promoting enhanced biomass. Summing up, our results not only portray  Musa -miR397 as a candidate for enhancing plant biomass but also highlight it at the crossroads of growth-defense trade-offs.

Overexpression of native Musa-miR397 enhances plant biomass without compromising abiotic stress tolerance in banana