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Condensed tannins, found in coloured-flowering varieties of faba bean ( Vicia faba  L) are, after vicine and convicine, one of the major anti-nutritional factors for monogastric animals. The development of tannin-free cultivars is a key goal in breeding to broaden the use of this legume in the animal feed industry. Two recessive genes,  zt-1  and  zt-2 , control the zero-tannin content and promote white-flowered plants. Previous studies exploiting synteny with the model  Medicago truncatula  reported a mutation in  TTG1 , a gene encoding a WD40 transcription factor located in chromosome II, as the responsible for the  zt-1  phenotypes. Here a comprehensive analysis of  VfTTG1  (including phylogenetic relationships, gene structure and gene expression) has been conducted to confirm the identity of the gene and to reveal structural changes that may result in different functional alleles. The results confirmed the identity of the candidate and revealed the existence of two different alleles responsible for the phenotype:  ttg1-a , probably due to a mutation in the promoter region, and  ttg1-b  caused by a deletion at the 5′end of  VfTTG1 . Based on the sequencing results, an allele-specific diagnostic marker was designed that differentiate zt-1 from wild and zt-2 genotypes and facilitates its deployment in faba bean breeding programs.

Characterization and diagnostic marker for TTG1 regulating tannin and anthocyanin biosynthesis in faba bean