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Positron emission tomography (PET) imaging can assist in the early-phase diagnostic and therapeutic evaluation of tumors. Here, we report the radiosynthesis, small animal PET imaging, and biological evaluation of a L-type amino acid transporter 1 (LAT1)-specific PET probe,  18 F-FIMP. This probe demonstrates increased tumor specificity, compared to existing tumor-specific PET probes ( 18 F-FET,  11 C-MET, and  18 F-FDG). Evaluation of probes by  in vivo  PET imaging,  18 F-FIMP showed intense accumulation in LAT1-positive tumor tissues, but not in inflamed lesions, whereas intense accumulation of  18 F-FDG was observed in both tumor tissues and in inflamed lesions. Metabolite analysis showed that  18 F-FIMP was stable in liver microsomes, and mice tissues (plasma, urine, liver, pancreas, and tumor). Investigation of the protein incorporation of  18 F-FIMP showed that it was not incorporated into protein. Furthermore, the expected mean absorbed dose of  18 F-FIMP in humans was comparable or slightly higher than that of  18 F-FDG and indicated that  18 F-FIMP may be a safe PET probe for use in humans.  18 F-FIMP may provide improved specificity for tumor diagnosis, compared to  18 F-FDG,  18 F-FET, and  11 C-MET. This probe may be suitable for PET imaging for glioblastoma and the early-phase monitoring of cancer therapy outcomes.

18F-FIMP: a LAT1-specific PET probe for discrimination between tumor tissue and inflammation