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Alexandrium catenella  (formerly  A. tamarense  Group 1, or  A. fundyense ) is the leading cause of Paralytic Shellfish Poisoning in North and South America, Europe, Africa, Australia and Asia. The quantification of  A.catenella  via  sxtA , a gene involved in Paralytic Shellfish Toxin synthesis, may be a promising approach, but has not been evaluated  in situ  on blooms of  A. catenella , in which cell abundances may vary from not detectable to in the order of 10 6  cells L −1 . In this study, we compared  sxtA  assay performance to a qPCR assay targeted to a species-specific region of ribosomal DNA (rDNA) and an established fluorescent  in situ  hybridization (FISH) microscopy method. Passing-Bablok regression analyses revealed the  sxtA  assay to overestimate abundances when <5 cell equivalents  A. catenella  DNA were analysed, but otherwise was closer to microscopy estimates than the rDNA assay, which overestimated abundance across the full range of concentrations analysed, indicative of a copy number difference between the bloom population and a culture used for assay calibration  a priori . In contrast, the  sxtA  assay performed more consistently, indicating less copy number variation. The  sxtA  assay was generally reliable, fast and effective in quantifying  A. catenella  and was predictive of PST contamination of shellfish.

Evaluation of sxtA and rDNA qPCR assays through monitoring of an inshore bloom of Alexandrium catenella Group 1