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We tested the hypothesis that both postnatal feeding and conditions  in utero  affect lipid metabolism in infants. Infants who experienced restrictive growth conditions  in utero  and others exposed to maternal hyperglycaemia were compared to a control group with respect to feeding mode. Dried blood spots were collected from a pilot subset of infant participants of the Cambridge Baby Growth Study at 3mo. Groups: (a) a normal gestation (control,  n  = 40), (b) small for gestational age (SGA,  n  = 34) and (c) whose mothers developed hyperglycaemia ( n  = 59). These groups were further stratified by feeding mode; breastfed, formula-fed or received a mixed intake. Their phospholipid, glyceride and sterol fractions were profiled using direct infusion mass spectrometry. Statistical tests were used to identify molecular species that indicated differences in lipid metabolism. The abundance of several phospholipids identified by multivariate analysis, PC(34:1), PC(34:2) and PC-O(34:1), was 30–100% higher across all experimental groups. SM(39:1) was around half as abundant in  in utero  groups among breastfed infants only. The evidence from this pilot study shows that phospholipid metabolism is modulated by both conditions  in utero  and postnatal feeding in a cohort of 133 Caucasian infants, three months  post partum .

Evidence from 3-month-old infants shows that a combination of postnatal feeding and exposures in utero shape lipid metabolism