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Late embryogenesis abundant (LEA) proteins are widely known to be present in higher plants and are believed to play important functional roles in embryonic development and abiotic stress responses. However, there is a current lack of systematic analyses on the LEA protein gene family in tea plant. In this study, a total of 48  LEA  genes were identified using Hidden Markov Model profiles in  C. sinensis , and were classified into seven distinct groups based on their conserved domains and phylogenetic relationships. Genes in the CsLEA_2 group were found to be the most abundant. Gene expression analyses revealed that all the identified  CsLEA  genes were expressed in at least one tissue, and most had higher expression levels in the root or seed relative to other tested tissues. Nearly all the  CsLEA  genes were found to be involved in seed development, and thirty-nine might play an important role in tea seed maturation concurrent with dehydration. However, only sixteen  CsLEA  genes were involved in seed desiccation, and furthermore, most were suppressed. Additionally, forty-six  CsLEA  genes could be induced by at least one of the tested stress treatments, and they were especially sensitive to high temperature stress. Furthermore, it was found that eleven  CsLEA  genes were involved in tea plant in response to all tested abiotic stresses. Overall, this study provides new insights into the formation of  CsLEA  gene family members and improves our understanding on the potential roles of these genes in normal development processes and abiotic stress responses in tea plant, particularly during seed development and desiccation. These results are beneficial for future functional studies of  CsLEA  genes that will help preserve the recalcitrant tea seeds for a long time and genetically improve tea plant.

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Genome-wide identification and expression analyses of the LEA protein gene family in tea plant reveal their involvement in seed development and abiotic stress responses