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In  Drosophila melanogaster  there are two genes encoding ribosomal protein S5,  RpS5a  and  RpS5b . Here, we demonstrate that  RpS5b  is required for oogenesis. Females lacking  RpS5b  produce ovaries with numerous developmental defects that undergo widespread apoptosis in mid-oogenesis. Females lacking germline  RpS5a  are fully fertile, but germline expression of interfering RNA targeting germline  RpS5a  in an  RpS5b  mutant background worsened the  RpS5b  phenotype and blocked oogenesis before egg chambers form. A broad spectrum of mRNAs co-purified in immunoprecipitations with RpS5a, while RpS5b-associated mRNAs were specifically enriched for GO terms related to mitochondrial electron transport and cellular metabolic processes. Consistent with this,  RpS5b  mitochondrial fractions are depleted for proteins linked to oxidative phosphorylation and mitochondrial respiration, and  RpS5b  mitochondria tended to form large clusters and had more heterogeneous morphology than those from controls. We conclude that RpS5b-containing ribosomes preferentially associate with particular mRNAs and serve an essential function in oogenesis.

A ribosomal protein S5 isoform is essential for oogenesis and interacts with distinct RNAs in Drosophila melanogaster