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DNA binding with one finger (Dof) proteins constitute a ubiquitous plant-specific transcription factor (TF) family associated with diverse biological processes, including ripening. We conducted a genome-wide analysis of durian ( Durio zibethinus  Murr.) and identified 24 durian  Dofs  ( DzDofs ), 15 of which were expressed in fruit pulp. Gene expression analysis revealed differential expression of  DzDofs  during ripening in two commercial durian cultivars from Thailand, Monthong and Chanee. Comparing the expression levels of fruit pulp-expressed  DzDofs  between cultivars revealed ten potential cultivar-dependent Dofs, among which  DzDof2 . 2  showed a significantly greater fold increase at every ripening stage in Chanee than in Monthong. The prediction of DzDof2.2’s function based on its orthologue in  Arabidopsis  revealed its possible role in regulating auxin biosynthesis. We observed significantly higher auxin levels during ripening of Chanee than Monthong which concurred with the greater expression of auxin biosynthetic genes. Transient expression of  DzDof2 . 2  in  Nicotiana benthamiana  significantly upregulated the expression levels of auxin biosynthetic genes. Higher expression levels of  DzDof2 . 2  in Chanee would enhance auxin levels through transcriptional regulation of auxin biosynthetic genes. Higher auxin levels in Chanee could activate auxin-mediated transcription, contributing to its faster ripening compared to Monthong through earlier initiation of the ethylene response (auxin-ethylene crosstalk).

Genome-wide analysis of the Dof gene family in durian reveals fruit ripening-associated and cultivar-dependent Dof transcription factors