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The long-chain (≥C 20 ) polyunsaturated fatty acid biosynthesis capacity of fish varies among species, with trophic level hypothesised as a major factor. The biosynthesis capacity is largely dependent upon the presence of functionally diversified fatty acyl desaturase 2 (Fads2) enzymes, since many teleosts have lost the gene encoding a Δ5 desaturase (Fads1). The present study aimed to characterise Fads2 from four teleosts occupying different trophic levels, namely  Sarpa salpa ,  Chelon labrosus ,  Pegusa lascaris  and  Atherina presbyter , which were selected based on available data on functions of Fads2 from closely related species. Therefore, we had insight into the variability of Fads2 within the same phylogenetic group. Our results showed that Fads2 from  S .  salpa  and  C .  labrosus  were both Δ6 desaturases with further Δ8 activity while  P .  lascaris  and  A .  presbyter  Fads2 showed Δ4 activity. Fads2 activities of herbivorous  S .  salpa  are consistent with those reported for carnivorous Sparidae species. The results suggested that trophic level might not directly drive diversification of teleost Fads2 as initially hypothesised, and other factors such as the species’ phylogeny appeared to be more influential. In agreement, Fads2 activities from  P .  lascaris  and  A .  presbyter  were similar to their corresponding phylogenetic counterparts  Solea senegalensis  and  Chirostoma estor .

Functional diversification of teleost Fads2 fatty acyl desaturases occurs independently of the trophic level