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The phase velocity of the wakefield of a laser wakefield accelerator can,theoretically, be manipulated by shaping the longitudinal plasma densityprofile, thus controlling the parameters of the generated electron beam. Wepresent an experimental method where using a series of shaped longitudinalplasma density profiles we increased the mean electron peak energy by more than50%, from 174.8 +/- 1.3 MeV to 262 +/- 9.7 MeV and the maximum peak energy from182.1 MeV to 363.1 MeV. The divergence follows closely the change of meanenergy and decreases from 58.95 +/- 0.45 mrad to 12.63 +/- 1.17 mrad along thehorizontal axis and from 35.23 +/- 0.27 mrad to 8.26 +/- 0.69 mrad along thevertical axis. Particle-in-cell simulations show that a ramp in a plasmadensity profile can affect the evolution of the wakefield, thus qualitativelyconfirming the experimental results. The presented method can increase theelectron energy for a fixed laser power and at the same time offer an energytunable source of electrons.

Electron energy increase in a laser wakefield accelerator using longitudinally shaped plasma density profiles