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Colicin production in  Escherichia coli  ( E .  coli ) strains represents an important trait with regard to microbial survival and competition in the complex intestinal environment. A novel colicin type, colicin Z (26.3 kDa), was described as a product of an original producer, extraintestinal  E .  coli  B1356 strain, isolated from the anorectal abscess of a 17 years-old man. The 4,007 bp plasmid (pColZ) was completely sequenced and colicin Z activity ( cza ) and colicin Z immunity ( czi ) genes were identified. The  cza  and  czi  genes are transcribed in opposite directions and encode for 237 and 151 amino acid-long proteins, respectively. Colicin Z shows a narrow inhibitory spectrum, being active only against enteroinvasive  E .  coli  (EIEC) and  Shigella  strains via CjrC receptor recognition and CjrB- and ExbB-, ExbD-mediated colicin translocation. All tested EIEC and  Shigella  strains isolated between the years 1958–2010 were sensitive to colicin Z. The lethal effect of colicin Z was found to be directed against cell wall peptidoglycan (PG) resulting in PG degradation, as revealed by experiments with Remazol Brilliant Blue-stained purified peptidoglycans and with MALDI-TOF MS analyses of treated PG. Colicin Z represents a new class of colicins that is structurally and functionally distinct from previously studied colicin types.

Colicin Z, a structurally and functionally novel colicin type that selectively kills enteroinvasive Escherichia coli and Shigella strains