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Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are involved in the pathophysiology of several health disorders, among others inflammation. Polyphenols may modulate ROS related disorders. In this work, thirty-two phenolic compounds were tentatively identified in a leaf extract from  Eugenia supra-axillaris  Spring. ex Mart. using HPLC-MS/MS, five of which were also individually isolated and identified. The extract displayed a substantial  in vitro  antioxidant potential and was capable of decreasing ROS production and hsp-16.2 expression under oxidative stress conditions  in vivo  in the  Caenorhabditis elegans  model. Also, the extract showed higher inhibitory selectivity towards COX-2 than COX-1  in vitro  with higher selectivity towards COX-2 than that of diclofenac. The extract also exhibited anti-inflammatory properties: It attenuated the edema thickness in a dose dependent fashion in carrageenan-induced hind-paw odema in rats. In addition, the extract reduced the carrageenan-induced leukocyte migration into the peritoneal cavity at the highest dose. Furthermore, the extract showed antipyretic and analgesic activities in a mouse model.  Eugenia supra-axillaris  appears to be a promising candidate in treating inflammation, pain and related oxidative stress diseases.

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Characterization of phenolic compounds from Eugenia supra-axillaris leaf extract using HPLC-PDA-MS/MS and its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antipyretic and pain killing activities in vivo