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Autophagy is a self-degradation system wherein cellular materials are recycled. Although autophagy has been extensively studied in yeast and mammalian systems, integrated stress responses in microalgae remain poorly understood. Accordingly, we carried out a comparative study on the oxidative stress responses of  Chlamydomonas reinhardtii  wild-type and a starchless ( sta6 ) mutant previously shown to accumulate high lipid content under adverse conditions. To our surprise, the  sta6  mutant exhibited significantly higher levels of lipid peroxidation in the same growth conditions compared to controls. The  sta6  mutant was more sensitive to oxidative stress induced by H 2 O 2 , whereas the wild-type was relatively more resistant. In addition, significantly up-regulated autophagy-related factors including  ATG1 ,  ATG101 , and  ATG8  were maintained in the  sta6  mutant regardless of nitrogen availability. Also, the  sta6  mutant exhibited relatively higher ATG8 protein level compared to wild-type under non-stress condition, and quickly reached a saturation point of autophagy when H 2 O 2  was applied. Our results indicate that, in addition to the impact of carbon allocation, the increased lipid phenotype of the  sta6  mutant may result from alterations in the cellular oxidative state, which in turn activates autophagy to clean up oxidatively damaged components and fuel lipid production.

Impairment of starch biosynthesis results in elevated oxidative stress and autophagy activity in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii