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Glutathione S-transferases (GSTs) compose a family of multifunctional enzymes involved in the numerous aspects of regulating plant growth, development, and stress response. An  in silico  genome-wide analysis of pepper ( Capsicum annuum  L.) was performed to identify eighty-five  GST  genes that were annotated according to their chromosomal location. Segmental duplication contributed more than tandem duplication for the expansion of  GST  gene family in pepper. All the identified members belong to ten different classes which are highly conserved among  Arabidopsis , rice, tomato and potato counterparts indicating the pre-dicot-monocot split diversification of GST classes. Gene structure, protein domain, and motif organization were found to be notably conserved over the distinct phylogenetic groups, which demonstrated the evolutionary significant role of each class. Expression of most of the  CaGST  transcripts as well as the total pepper GST activity was found to be significantly up-regulated in response to cold, heat, drought, salinity and osmotic stress conditions. Presence of various hormone and stress-responsive cis-elements on most of the putative  CaGST  promoter regions could be directly correlated with the alteration of their transcripts. All these findings might provide opportunities for future functional validation of this important gene family in pepper.

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Genome-wide identification of glutathione S-transferase gene family in pepper, its classification, and expression profiling under different anatomical and environmental conditions