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Naïve macrophages (Mφ) polarize in response to various environmental cues to a spectrum of cells that have distinct biological functions. The extreme ends of the spectrum are classified as M1 and M2 macrophages. Previously, we demonstrated that Notch1 deficiency promotes Tgf-β2 dependent M2-polarization in a mouse model of abdominal aortic aneurysm. The present studies aimed to characterize the unique set of genes regulated by Notch1 signaling in macrophage polarization. Bone marrow derived macrophages isolated from  WT  or  Notch1  +/−  mice (n = 12) were differentiated to Mφ, M1 or M2-phenotypes by 24 h exposure to vehicle, LPS/IFN-γ or IL4/IL13 respectively and total RNA was subjected to RNA-Sequencing (n = 3). Bioinformatics analyses demonstrated that  Notch1  haploinsufficiency downregulated the expression of 262 genes at baseline level, 307 genes with LPS/IFN-γ and 254 genes with IL4/IL13 treatment. Among these, the most unique genes downregulated by  Notch1 haploinsufficiency  included  fibromodulin  ( Fmod ),  caspase-4 ,  Has1 ,  Col1a1 ,  Alpl  and  Igf . Pathway analysis demonstrated that extracellular matrix, macrophage polarization and osteogenesis were the major pathways affected by  Notch1  haploinsufficiency. Gain and loss-of-function studies established a strong correlation between  Notch1  haploinsufficiency and  Fmod  in regulating Tgf-β signaling. Collectively, our studies suggest that  Notch1  haploinsufficiency increases M2 polarization through these newly identified genes.

Transcriptomics Analysis Reveals New Insights into the Roles of Notch1 Signaling on Macrophage Polarization