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Serpentinite is a major carrier of fluid-mobile elements in subduction zones, which influences the geochemical signature of arc magmatism (e.g. high abundances of Li, Ba, Sr, B, As, Mo and Pb). Based on results from Neoproterozoic serpentinites in the Arabian-Nubian Shield, we herein report the role of antigorite in the transportation of fluid-mobile elements (FME) and light rare earth elements (LREE) from the subducted slab to arc-related magma during subduction. The serpentinites contain two generations of antigorites: the older generation is coarse-grained, formed at a temperature range of 165–250 °C and is enriched in Li, Rb, Ba and Cs, whereas the younger generation is finer-grained, formed at higher temperature conditions (425–475 °C) and has high concentrations of B, As, Sb, Mo, Pb, Sr and LREE. Magnesite, on the other hand, remains stable at sub-arc depths beyond the stability field of both antigorites, and represents a potential reservoir of FME and LREE for deeper mantle melts. Magnesite has high FME and LREE absorbing capacity (over 50–60%) higher than serpentine phases. Temperature is the main controlling factor for stability of these minerals and therefore the release of these elements from subducted slabs into arc magmatism. As the liberation of these elements varies along the length of the slab, the resulting cross-arc geochemical variation trend can help to determine the subduction polarity of ancient arcs.

Origin of arc magmatic signature: A temperature-dependent process for trace element (re)-mobilization in subduction zones