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Taste buds are comprised of taste cells, which are classified into types I to IV. Transient receptor potential (TRP) channels play a significant role in taste perception. TRP vanilloid 4 (TRPV4) is a non-selective cation channel that responds to mechanical, thermal, and chemical stimuli. The present study aimed to define the function and expression of TRPV4 in taste buds using  Trpv4 -deficient mice. In circumvallate papillae, TRPV4 colocalized with a type IV cell and epithelial cell marker but not type I, II, or III markers. Behavioural studies showed that  Trpv4  deficiency reduced sensitivity to sourness but not to sweet, umami, salty, and bitter tastes.  Trpv4  deficiency significantly reduced the expression of type III cells compared with that in wild type (WT) mice  in vivo  and in taste bud organoid experiments.  Trpv4  deficiency also significantly reduced Ki67-positive cells and β-catenin expression compared with those in WT circumvallate papillae. Together, the present results suggest that TRPV4 contributes to sour taste sensing by regulating type III taste cell differentiation in mice.

Transient receptor potential vanilloid 4 mediates sour taste sensing via type III taste cell differentiation