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Mixed species biofilms are shaped and influenced by interactions between species. In the oral cavity, dysbiosis of the microbiome leads to diseases such as periodontitis.  Porphyromonas gingivalis  is a keystone pathogen of periodontitis. In this study, we showed that polymicrobial biofilm formation promoted the tolerance of  Porphyromonas gingivalis  to oxidative stress under micro-aerobic conditions. The presence of  Streptococcus sanguinis , an oral commensal bacterium, inhibited the survival of  P. gingivalis  in dual-species biofilms via the secretion of hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2 ). Interestingly, this repression could be attenuated by the presence of  Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans  in tri-species biofilms. It was also shown that the  katA  gene, encoding a cytoplasmic catalase in  A. actinomycetemcomitans , was responsible for the reduction of H 2 O 2  produced by  S. sanguinis , which consequently increased the biomass of  P. gingivalis  in tri-species biofilms. Collectively, these findings reveal that polymicrobial interactions play important roles in shaping bacterial community in biofilm. The existence of catalase producers may support the colonization of pathogens vulnerable to H 2 O 2 , in the oral cavity. The catalase may be a potential drug target to aid in the prevention of periodontitis.

scientific reports

Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans mediates protection of Porphyromonas gingivalis from Streptococcus sanguinis hydrogen peroxide production in multi-species biofilms