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Anaplasma phagocytophilum , the aetiologic agent of human granulocytic anaplasmosis (HGA) is an obligate intracellular Gram-negative bacterium with the genome size of 1.47 megabases. The intracellular life style and small size of genome suggest that  A. phagocytophilum  has to modulate a multitude of host cell physiological processes to facilitate its replication. One strategy employed by  A. phagocytophilum  is through its type IV secretion system (T4SS), which translocates bacterial effectors into target cells to disrupt normal cellular activities. In this study we developed a TEM-1 β-lactamase based protein translocation assay and applied this assay for identification of  A. phagocytophilum  T4SS effectors. An  A. phagocytophilum  hypothetical protein, APH0215 is identified as a T4SS effector protein and found interacting with  trans -Golgi network in transfected cells. Hereby, this protein translocation assay developed in this study will facilitate the identification of  A. phagocytophilum  T4SS effectors and elucidation of HGA pathogenesis.

scientific reports

Development of TEM-1 β-lactamase based protein translocation assay for identification of Anaplasma phagocytophilum type IV secretion system effector proteins