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Elucidation of the basic mechanisms underlying human disease pathogenesis depends on the findings afforded to us through  in vivo  and  in vitro  approaches. While there are inherent limitations in any model system, 2D  in vitro  culture systems tend to be particularly restricted due to their static nature. Here, we adapted a flow-based hollow-fiber cartridge system to better understand the cellular influences of human retinal microvascular endothelial cells and mouse-derived neutrophils under high glucose conditions similar to those observed in diabetes. Analyses by western blot and flow cytometry indicate that pro-inflammatory molecules known to be associated with the pathogenesis of diabetic retinopathy were significantly elevated following high glucose exposure, including VEGF, ICAM-1, and ROS. Changes in mitochondrial potential were also observed. Further, we demonstrate that this innovative system allows for cross-species co-culture as well as long-term culturing conditions. This  in vitro  modeling system not only mimics the retinal microvasculature, it also allows for the examination of cellular interactions and mechanisms that contribute to diabetic retinopathy, a visually debilitating complication of diabetes.

Application of a Flow-Based Hollow-Fiber Co-Culture System to Study Cellular Influences under Hyperglycemic Conditions