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The pea aphid,  Acyrthosiphon pisum , is an important agricultural pest and an ideal model organism for various studies. Chitin synthase (CHS) catalyses chitin synthesis, a critical structural component of insect exoskeletons. Here, we identified a  CHS  gene from  A .  pisum ,  ApisCHS . The  ApisCHS  expression profiles showed that  ApisCHS  was expressed in various developmental stages and in all tested tissues of  A .  pisum , including the epidermis, embryo, gut and haemolymph. Notably,  ApisCHS  exhibited peak expression in the middle of each nymphal period and was extremely highly expressed in the epidermis and embryo. RNA interference (RNAi) showed that ~600 ng of dsRNA is an effective dose for gene silencing by injection for dsRNA delivery; moreover, 1200 ng·μL −1  dsRNA induced  CHS  gene silencing by a plant-mediated feeding approach. A 44.7% mortality rate and a 51.3% moulting rate were observed 72 h after injection of ds ApisCHS  into fourth-instar nymphs, compared with the levels in the control (injected with ds GFP ). Moreover, a longer period was required for nymph development and a 44.2% deformity rate among newborn nymphs was obtained upon ingestion of ds ApisCHS . These results suggest that  ApisCHS  plays a critical role in nymphal growth and embryonic development in pea aphids, and is a potential target for RNAi-based aphid pest control.

Effects of RNAi-based silencing of chitin synthase gene on moulting and fecundity in pea aphids (Acyrthosiphon pisum)