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In this article, operation of optical magnetometers detecting static (DC) andoscillating (AC) magnetic fields is studied and comparison of the devices isperformed. To facilitate the comparison, the analysis is carried out in thesame experimental setup, exploiting nonlinear magneto-optical rotation. In sucha system, a control over static-field magnitude or oscillating-field frequencyprovides detection of strength of the DC or AC fields. Polarization rotation isinvestigated for various light intensities and AC-field amplitudes, whichallows to determine optimum sensitivity to both fields. With the results, wedemonstrate that under optimal conditions the AC magnetometer is about tentimes more sensitive than its DC counterpart, which originates from differentresponse of the atoms to the fields. Bandwidth of the magnetometers is alsoanalyzed, revealing its different dependence on the light power. Particularly,we demonstrate that bandwidth of the AC magnetometer can be significantlyincreased without strong deterioration of the magnetometer sensitivity. Thisbehavior, combined with the ability to tune the resonance frequency of the ACmagnetometer, provide means for ultra-sensitive measurements of the AC field ina broad but spectrally-limited range, where detrimental role of static-fieldinstability is significantly reduced.

Different sensitivities of two optical magnetometers realized in the same experimental arrangement