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The association of plant viruses with their vectors has significant implications for virus transmission and spread. Only a few studies, with even fewer pathosystems, have explored non-persistent (NP) virus-vector interactions that are presumed to be transient. We studied how a NP virus,  Papaya ringspot virus  (PRSV) influenced the behavior and biology of its vector, the melon aphid ( Aphis gossypii  Glover) and the non-vector, silverleaf whitefly ( Bemisia tabaci  Gennadius). We also assessed whether the fitness effects on aphids are modulated through changes in the host plant, squash ( Cucurbita pepo  L.) nutrient profile. The overall performance of  A. gossypii  was substantially higher on PRSV-infected plants, along with increased arrestment on PRSV-infected than non-infected plants. No such PRSV-modulated fitness effects were observed with  B. tabaci . PRSV-infected plants had increased concentrations of free essential amino acids: threonine, arginine and lysine; non-essential amino acids: glycine and homocysteine; and soluble carbohydrates: galactose, raffinose and cellobiose. In general, PRSV encouraged long-term feeding and enhanced fitness of  A. gossypii  through host plant nutrient enrichment. These findings provide evidence for a NP virus mediated positive fitness effects on its vector, with no spillover fitness benefits to the non-vector within the same feeding guild.

A non-persistent aphid-transmitted Potyvirus differentially alters the vector and non-vector biology through host plant quality manipulation