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RNA interference (RNAi) is a sequence identity-dependent RNA degradation mechanism conserved in eukaryotic organisms. One of the roles of RNAi is as a defense system against viral infections, which has been demonstrated in filamentous fungi but not in oomycetes. We investigated the virus-RNAi interplay in the oomycete  Phytophthora infestans  using a crucifer-infecting strain of the plant virus tobacco mosaic virus (TMVcr) and its derivative TMVcr-Δ122 that is mutated in the sequence of the p122 replicase subunit and thus inhibited in RNA suppression activity. In this study we provide evidence that replication of TMVcr-Δ122 but not of TMVcr was impaired in  P .  infestans  as well as in tobacco plants used as positive control. The interference was associated with induction of high transcription of dicer-like genes  Pidcl 2 and  NtDCL 2 and of RNA-dependent-RNA-polymerase  Pirdr 1 and  NtRDR 1 in  P .  infestans  and tobacco, respectively. These high transcription levels suggest an RNAi-based response that TMVcr-Δ122 mutant was not able to suppress. Taken altogether, results of this study demonstrated that an antiviral silencing activity operates also in  P .  infestans  and that a plant virus could be a simple and feasible tool for functional studies also in oomycetes.

Tobacco mosaic virus infection triggers an RNAi-based response in Phytophthora infestans