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We examined the association between the China famine exposure in early life and DNA methylation of  INSR  (hg18, chr19:7110130-7110574) and  CPT1A  (hg18, chr11: 68286513-68286952) related to growth and metabolism in 235 subjects selected from two provinces in China. The subjects were categorized into prenatal famine-exposed group and non-exposed group based on their birthdates. DNA methylation at the  INSR  gene locus was assayed from peripheral white blood cells using the Sequenom’s MassARRAY system. Two dependent samples  t -test was used to compare the difference between the exposed group and non-exposed group. DNA methylation level of  INSR  was higher among individuals who exposed to the China famine in the fetus than that of non-exposed group ( d  = 3.3%,  P  = 0.006). A significant interaction between famine exposure and province was observed for  INSR  ( P  interaction  &lt; 0.001). DNA methylation level of  INSR  was positively associated with triglyceride ( β  = 0.011,  P  = 0.021), and negatively associated with high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ( β  = −0.039,  P  = 0.021). Moreover, exposed group had higher meat consumption than non-exposed group in severe exposure area. Prenatal exposure to the China famine plus later life eating habits might regulate epigenome.

Early-Life Exposure to the Chinese Famine Is Associated with Higher Methylation Level in the INSR Gene in Later Adulthood