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For the first time, we propose the use of an extremophilic bacterium to remove nitrate salt efflorescence from the surfaces of stone samples. A haloalkaliphilic bacterium was selected “ad hoc” for its ability to reduce nitrates; i.e.  Halomonas campaniensis  sp. nov., strain 5AG T  (DSM 15293 T , ATCC BAA-966 T ). Quantitative monitoring of nitrate content, on untreated and treated surfaces of stone samples artificially enriched with nitrate, as a function of incubation/treatment time, was carried out by molecular spectroscopy. The results obtained reveal the good performance of  Halomonas campaniensis  bacterium in decreasing nitrate concentration on stone surfaces both in a controlled laboratory environment for temperature and relative humidity and in a real outdoor environmental conditions.

Bio-cleaning of nitrate salt efflorescence on stone samples using extremophilic bacteria