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Polycephalomyces  (Ophiocordycipitaceae) species are found in subtropical regions and are parasitic or hyperparasitic on insects. Two new species,  P. aurantiacus  and  P. marginaliradians , parasitic on  Ophiocordyceps barnesii  and larva of Cossidae respectively, are introduced in this paper. Morphological comparison with extant species and DNA based phylogenies from analyses of a multigene dataset support the establishment of the new taxa.  Polycephalomyces aurantiacus , exhibiting a hyperparasitic lifestyle on  Ophiocordyceps barnesii , differs from other species in producing orange conidia in mass and have longer β-phialides in culture.  Polycephalomyces marginaliradians  differs from other  Ophiocordyceps  species by producing single stromata with a stipe, smaller perithecia and branched α-phialides and catenate α-conidia and is parasitic on Cossidae. A combined nrSSU, nrLSU, ITS, tef-1a, rpb1 and rpb2 sequence data was analysed phylogenetically including  Ophiocordyceps  and  Polycephalomyces  taxa. The new species described herein are clearly distinct from other species in  Polycephalomyces . We provide a key to the species of  Polycephalomyces  and discuss relevant interspecies relationships.

Multigene phylogenetics of Polycephalomyces (Ophiocordycipitaceae, Hypocreales), with two new species from Thailand