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As with many biological control agents, generalist predators rarely survive prolonged periods of prey scarcity. Towards improving crop establishment of two major predators used in North America,  Orius insidiosus  and  Dicyphus hesperus , this study examined the role of supplemental foods in achieving greater predator survival and faster development. In controlled environment trials, developmental time and survival were compared for predators offered diets including  Ephestia  eggs,  Artemia  cysts,  Typha  pollen, or combinations of these. Nymphal developmental time was significantly shorter and survival greater for both predators reared on diets that included  Ephestia  eggs. Interestingly,  D .  hesperus  could successfully complete nymphal development on  Artemia  cysts whereas  O. insidiosus  could not, alluding to fundamental physiological differences between these predators. In greenhouse assays,  D .  hesperus  was more abundant after six weeks when offered diets that included  Ephestia  eggs either alone or in combination with pollen or  Artemia  cysts relative to other diets. In contrast, only diets of  Ephestia  eggs,  Typha  pollen or their combination could significantly increase  O .  insidiosus  crop abundance relative to the unfed control. Together, this work highlights important differences in the relative values of supplemental foods for generalist predators used in crop protection. It is also meaningful in guiding biocontrol practitioners globally in the rapidly growing sector of greenhouse vegetable production.

The function of supplemental foods for improved crop establishment of generalist predators Orius insidiosus and Dicyphus hesperus