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As an important transcription factor, SOX2 involves in embryogenesis, maintenance of stem cells and proliferation of primordial germ cell (PGC). However, little was known about its function in mature gonads. Herein, we investigated the  SOX2  gene profiles in testis of scallop,  Chlamys farreri . The level of  C .  farreri SOX2  ( Cf-SOX2 ) mRNA increased gradually along with gonadal development and reached the peak at mature stage, and was located in all germ cells, including spermatogonia, spermatocytes, spermatids and spermatozoa. Knockdown of  Cf-SOX2  using RNAi leaded to a mass of germ cells lost, and only a few spermatogonia retained in the nearly empty testicular acini after 21 days. TUNEL assay showed that apoptosis occurred in spermatocytes. Furthermore, transcriptome profiles of the testes were compared between  Cf-SOX2  knockdown and normal scallops, 131,340 unigenes were obtained and 2,067 differential expression genes (DEGs) were identified. GO and KEGG analysis showed that most DEGs were related to cell apoptosis ( casp2 ,  casp3 ,  casp8 ), cell proliferation ( samd9 ,  crebzf ,  iqsec1 ) and spermatogenesis ( htt ,  tusc3 ,  zmynd10 ,  nipbl ,  mfge8 ), and enriched in p53, TNF and apoptosis pathways. Our study revealed  Cf-SOX2  is essential in spermatogenesis and testis development of  C .  farreri  and provided important clues for better understanding of  SOX2  regulatory mechanisms in bivalve testis.

SOX2 participates in spermatogenesis of Zhikong scallop Chlamys farreri