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We have previously shown that, with the hands apart vertically, passively grasping an artificial finger induces a sense of ownership over the artificial finger and coming-together of the hands. The present study investigated this  grasp illusion  in the horizontal plane. Thirty healthy participants were tested in two conditions ( grasp  and  no grasp ) with their hands at different distances apart, either crossed or uncrossed. After 3 min, participants reported perceived spacing between index fingers, perceived index finger location, and, for the  grasp  condition, perceived ownership over the artificial finger. On average, there was no ownership at any of the hand configurations. With the hands uncrossed 7.5, 15 or 24 cm apart, there was no difference in perceived spacing between the  grasp  and  no grasp  conditions. With the hands crossed and 15 cm apart, perceived spacing between index fingers was 3.2 cm [0.7 to 5.7] (mean [95% CI]) smaller during the  grasp  condition compared to  no grasp . Therefore, compared to when the hands are vertically separated, there is an almost complete lack of a g rasp illusion  in the horizontal plane which indicates the brain may process sensory inputs from the hands differently based on whether the hands are horizontally or vertically apart.

Effects of horizontal distance and limb crossing on perceived hand spacing and ownership: Differential sensory processing across hand configurations