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The amphibian chytrid fungus  Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis  is an emerging infectious pathogen present on every continent except Antarctica. It causes the disease chytridiomycosis in a subset of species but does not always result in disease or death for every host. Ambient temperature influences both amphibian metabolism and chytrid pathogenicity, however the interactive effects on host physiology is not well understood. We investigated the sublethal effect of  B .  dendrobatidis  infection on a susceptible host,  Litoria aurea  to test (1) whether the infection load, metabolic activity, body fat and gonad size differed in  L .  aurea  at either 24 °C or 12 °C ambient temperatures and (2) whether previous  Bd  infection caused long-term changes to body fat and gonad size.  Litoria aurea  in 12 °C treatments had higher infection loads of  B .  dendrobatidis  and lower survivorship. Metabolic rate was higher and fat mass was lower in infected individuals and in animals in 24 °C treatments. Male  L .  aurea  previously infected with  B .  dendrobatidis  had smaller testes 5 months-post clearance of infection, an effect likely to translate to fitness costs in wild populations. These experiments demonstrate a physiological cost to sublethal  B .  dendrobatidis  infection, which suggests a reduction in host fitness mediated by temperature in the host’s environment regardless of whether infection leads to mortality.

Interaction between temperature and sublethal infection with the amphibian chytrid fungus impacts a susceptible frog species