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Isopods of the genus  Idotea  have an unusual ability to feed on algae containing high amounts of chemical defense molecules, such as species of the genera  Fucus  and  Ulva . In this study, we compared gene expression patterns of  Idotea balthica  individuals fed with  Fucus vesiculosus  to individuals fed with  Ulva lactuca . We generated the first-ever transcriptome assembly for this species, and found 3,233 differentially expressed genes across feeding regimes. However, only a handful of biological functions were enriched with regard to differentially expressed genes, the most notable being “alkaloid metabolic process”. Within this category, we found eight differentially expressed cytochrome P450 (CYP) unigenes, all of which had a higher expression in the  U. lactuca  diet treatment. A phylogenetic analysis showed that the differentially expressed CYP genes are closely related to a CYP gene described from the hepatopancreas of the spiny lobster  Panulirus argus , and we hypothesize that these transcripts are involved in metabolite detoxification. This is a first step in the understanding of this algae-grazer interaction, and will form a basis for future work to characterize cytochrome P450 functioning in marine crustaceans.

Diet-dependent gene expression highlights the importance of Cytochrome P450 in detoxification of algal secondary metabolites in a marine isopod