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A complete randomized design was implemented with two watering regimes (extreme rainfall and control) and three different plant combinations ( Zanthoxylum bungeanum ,  Z .  bungeanum  +  Capsicum annum ,  Z .  bungeanum  +  Glycine max ) in order to assess the morphological and physio-biochemical responses of focal and neighbor plants. The results indicated that, extreme rainfall had significantly negative impacts on  Z .  bungeanum  in three intercropping systems. However, intercropping with  G .  max  improved the transpiration rate ( T   r  ) and stomatal conductance ( G   s  ), raised leaf relative water content (LRWC), increased chlorophyll a (Chl a) and carotenoid (Car) content, and enhanced the superoxide dismutase activity (SOD) of  Z .  bungeanum . After recovery, the  Z .  bungeanum  +  G .  max  mixed culture significantly increased soil NO 3  − -N, improved the intercellular carbon dioxide concentration ( C   i  ) and  T   r  , upregulated soluble sugar and proline, and enhanced hydrogen peroxidase activity (CAT). Moreover, the higher root biomass of  G .  max  provided much more nitrogen for  Z .  bungeanum  via the return of organic matter. However, intercropping with  C .  annum  significantly increased active oxygen (ROS). Compared with neighboring species, in intercropping systems,  G .  max  could have improved the tolerance of the focal species  Z .  bungeanum  in response to extreme rainfall and its recovery after extreme rainfall.

Legume plants may facilitate Zanthoxylum bungeanum tolerance to extreme rainfall