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Soil greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions are a significant environmental problem resulting from microbially-mediated nitrogen (N) and carbon (C) cycling. This study aimed to investigate the impact of  Eucalyptus  plantations on the structure and function of a soil microbial community, and how resulting alterations may be linked to GHG fluxes. We sampled and monitored two adjacent  Eucalyptus  plantations—a recently logged site that harbored new seedlings and an adult plantation—and compared them to a site hosting native vegetation. We used 16S rRNA gene sequencing and qPCR amplifications of key nitrogen and methane cycle genes to characterize microbial structure and functional gene abundance and compared our data with soil parameters and GHG fluxes. Both microbial community attributes were significantly affected by land use and logging of  Eucalyptus  plantations. The genes  nosZ  and archaeal  amoA  were significantly more abundant in native forest than in either young or old  Eucalyptus  plantations. Statistical analyses suggest that land use type has a greater impact on microbial community structure and functional gene abundance than  Eucalyptus  rotation. There was no correlation between GHG fluxes and shifts in microbial community, suggesting that microbial community structure and functional gene abundance are not the main drivers of GHG fluxes in this system.

Short-term effect of Eucalyptus plantations on soil microbial communities and soil-atmosphere methane and nitrous oxide exchange