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The global temperatures are increasing. This increase is partly due to methane (CH 4 ) production from ruminants, including dairy cattle. Recent studies on dairy cattle have revealed the existence of a heritable variation in CH 4  production that enables mitigation strategies based on selective breeding. We have exploited the available heritable variation to study the genetic architecture of CH 4  production and detected genomic regions affecting CH 4  production. Although the detected regions explained only a small proportion of the heritable variance, we showed that potential QTL regions affecting CH 4  production were located within QTLs related to feed efficiency, milk-related traits, body size and health status. Five candidate genes were found:  CYP51A1  on BTA 4,  PPP1R16B  on BTA 13, and  NTHL1 ,  TSC2 , and  PKD1  on BTA 25. These candidate genes were involved in a number of metabolic processes that are possibly related to CH 4  production. One of the most promising candidate genes ( PKD1 ) was related to the development of the digestive tract. The results indicate that CH 4  production is a highly polygenic trait.

Genome-wide association identifies methane production level relation to genetic control of digestive tract development in dairy cows