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Ulvan, which is one of the major structural polysaccharides of the cell walls of green macroalgae, is degraded by ulvan lyases  via  the β-elimination mechanism with the release of oligosaccharides that have unsaturated 4-deoxy-L-threo-hex-4-enopyranosiduronic acid (∆) at the non-reducing end. These ulvan lyases belong to the PL24 or PL25 or PL28 family in the CAZy database. In this study, we identify and biochemically characterise a periplasmic novel broad-spectrum ulvan lyase from  Formosa agariphila  KMM 3901. The lyase was overexpressed in  Escherichia coli , and the purified recombinant enzyme depolymerised ulvan in an endolytic manner with a  K   m   of 0.77 mg/ml, and displayed optimum activity at 40 °C and pH 8. This lyase also degraded heparan sulphate and chondroitin sulphate. Detailed analyses of the end-products of the enzymatic degradation of ulvan using  1 H- and  13 C-NMR and LC-MS revealed an unsaturated disaccharide (∆Rha3S) and a tetrasaccharide (∆Rha3S-Xyl-Rha) as the principal end-products. In contrast to the previously described ulvan lyases, this novel lyase is mostly composed of α-helices that form an (α/α) 6  incomplete toroid domain and displays a remarkably broad-spectrum activity. This novel lyase is the first member of a new family of ulvan lyases.

A novel ulvan lyase family with broad-spectrum activity from the ulvan utilisation loci of Formosa agariphila KMM 3901