English (United Kingdom)

https://curated-unify.zendy.io/wp-json/zendy-region/v1/featured_content/oa?rat=en

https://curated-unify.zendy.io/wp-json/zendy-region/v1/highlighted_journal/

Global: Zendy Plus annual

Presents the access of premium content as premium feature

Premium Content

Presents the keyphrase highlighting as premium feature

Keyphrase Highlighting

Presents the summarisation as premium feature

Summarisation

Insights

Presents the pdf analysis as premium feature

PDF Analysis

Presents the zaia usage as premium feature

ZAIA

Global: Zendy Plus monthly

Global: Zendy Tools annual

Global: Zendy Tools monthly

Global: Zendy Free Plan

Cultivated peanut ( Arachis hypogaea  L.) were classified into six botanical varieties according to the morphological characteristics. However, their genetic evolutionary relationships at the genome-wide level were still unclear. A total of 320 peanut accessions, including four of the six botanical varieties, and 37,128 high-quality single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) detected by tunable genotyping-by-sequencing (tGBS) were used to reveal the evolutionary relationships among different botanical varieties and verify the phenotypic classification. A phylogenetic tree indicated that the tested accessions were grouped into three clusters. Almost all of the peanut accessions in cluster C1 belong to var.  fastigiata , and clusters C2 and C3 mainly consisted of accessions from var.  vulgaris  and subsp.  hypogaea , respectively. The results of a principal component analysis were consistent with relationships revealed in the phylogenetic tree. Population structure analysis showed that var.  fastigiata  and var.  vulgaris  were not separated when K = 2 (subgroup number), whereas they were clearly divided when K = 3. However, var.  hypogaea  and var.  hirsuta  could not be distinguished from each other all the way. The nucleotide diversity (π) value implied that var.  vulgaris  exhibited the highest genetic diversity (0.048), followed by var.  fastigiata  (0.035) and subsp.  hypogaea  (0.012), which is consistent with the result of phylogenetic tree. Moreover, the fixation index ( F   ST  ) value confirmed that var.  fastigiata  and var.  vulgaris  were closely related to each other ( F   ST   = 0.284), while both of them were clearly distinct from var.  hypogaea  ( F   ST   > 0.4). The present study confirmed the traditional botanical classifications of cultivated peanut at the genome-wide level. Furthermore, the reliable SNPs identified in this study may be a valuable resource for peanut breeders.

Genetic Diversity, Population Structure, and Botanical Variety of 320 Global Peanut Accessions Revealed Through Tunable Genotyping-by-Sequencing