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Campylobacter concisus  is an emerging human pathogen found throughout the entire human oral-gastrointestinal tract. The ability of  C .  concisus  to colonize diverse niches of the human body indicates the pathogen is metabolically versatile.  C .  concisus  is able to grow under both anaerobic conditions and microaerophilic conditions. Hydrogen (H 2 ) has been shown to enhance growth and may even be required. Analysis of several  C .  concisus  genome sequences reveals the presence of two sets of genes encoding for distinct hydrogenases: a H 2 -uptake-type (“Hyd”) complex and a H 2 -evolving hydrogenase (“Hyf”). Whole cells hydrogenase assays indicate that the former (H 2 -uptake) activity is predominant in  C .  concisus , with activity among the highest we have found for pathogenic bacteria. Attempts to generate site-directed chromosomal mutants were partially successful, as we could disrupt  hyfB , but not  hydB , suggesting that H 2 -uptake, but not H 2 -evolving activity, is an essential respiratory pathway in  C .  concisus . Furthermore, the tetrathionate reductase  ttrA  gene was inactivated in various  C .  concisus  genomospecies. Addition of tetrathionate to the medium resulted in a ten-fold increase in cell yield for the WT, while it had no effect on the  ttrA  mutant growth. To our knowledge, this is the first report of mutants in  C .  concisus .

Site-directed mutagenesis of Campylobacter concisus respiratory genes provides insight into the pathogen’s growth requirements