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Auxin plays critical roles in many developmental processes of plants. The auxin signaling pathway is a series of plant responses to auxin stimuli. However, the functions of many genes in this pathway are still obscure. As auxin receptors,  TIR/AFB  family genes encode F-Box proteins that directly bind auxin and then transduce the stimulus through the signaling pathway. In this paper, we generated an overexpression line of  Auxin-signaling F-Box 6  ( OsAFB6 ) in rice, which largely delayed heading, greatly increased spikelets per panicle and primary branch number and ultimately enhanced grain yield by 50%.  OsAFB6  is preferentially expressed in young tissues with stronger meristem activities and suppresses flowering by upregulating  OsRR1  and downregulating  Ehd1  expression levels. Overexpression of  OsAFB6  delayed heading, increased cytokinin (CK) by suppressing the expression level of  Gn1a  and simultaneously decreased the IAA concentration in the young panicle, which promoted inflorescence meristem development and resulted in large panicles with more spikelets per panicle, primary branches and increased grain yield. It would be a beneficial strategy to generate lines with varied expression levels of  OsAFB6  to breed high-yielding cultivars for specific regions that can fully utilize the local sunlight and temperature resources.

scientific reports

Overexpression of an auxin receptor OsAFB6 significantly enhanced grain yield by increasing cytokinin and decreasing auxin concentrations in rice panicle