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Micavibrio aeruginosavorus  is an obligate Gram-negative predatory bacterial species that feeds on other Gram-negative bacteria by attaching to the surface of its prey and feeding on the prey’s cellular contents. In this study,  Serratia marcescens  with defined mutations in genes for extracellular cell structural components and secreted factors were used in predation experiments to identify structures that influence predation. No change was measured in the ability of the predator to prey on  S. marcescens  flagella, fimbria, surface layer, prodigiosin and phospholipase-A mutants. However, higher predation was measured on  S. marcescens  metalloprotease mutants. Complementation of the metalloprotease gene,  prtS , into the protease mutant, as well as exogenous addition of purified serralysin metalloprotease, restored predation to wild type levels. Addition of purified serralysin also reduced the ability of  M. aeruginosavorus  to prey on  Escherichia coli . Incubating  M. aeruginosavorus  with purified metalloprotease was found to not impact predator viability; however, pre-incubating prey, but not the predator, with purified metalloprotease was able to block predation. Finally, using flow cytometry and fluorescent microscopy, we were able to confirm that the ability of the predator to bind to the metalloprotease mutant was higher than that of the metalloprotease producing wild-type. The work presented in this study shows that metalloproteases from  S .  marcescens  could offer elevated protection from predation.

Serralysin family metalloproteases protects Serratia marcescens from predation by the predatory bacteria Micavibrio aeruginosavorus