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Polar sunrise activates reactive bromine (BrO x ) cycle on the Antarctic coasts. BrO x  chemistry relates to depletion of O 3  and Hg in polar regions. Earlier studies have indicated “blowing snow” as a source of atmospheric BrO x . However, surface O 3  depletion and BrO enhancement occurs rarely under blowing snow conditions at Syowa Station, Antarctica. Therefore, trigger processes for BrO x  activation other than the heterogeneous reactions on blowing snow particles must be considered. Results of this study show that enhancement of sea-salt aerosols (SSA) and heterogeneous reactions on SSA are the main key processes for atmospheric BrO x  cycle activation. Blowing snow had Br −  enrichment, in contrast to strong Br −  depletion in SSA.  In-situ  aerosol measurements and satellite BrO measurements demonstrated clearly that a BrO plume appeared simultaneously in SSA enhancement near the surface. Results show that surface O 3  depletion at Syowa Station occurred in aerosol enhancement because of SSA dispersion during the polar sunrise. Amounts of depleted Br −  from SSA were matched well to the tropospheric vertical column density of BrO and BrO x  concentrations found in earlier work. Our results indicate that SSA enhancement by strong winds engenders activation of atmospheric BrO x  cycles via heterogeneous reactions on SSA.

Important contributions of sea-salt aerosols to atmospheric bromine cycle in the Antarctic coasts